Supercapacitors: Can they Give a Tough Fight to Batteries?

Global electricity consumption continues to increase faster than world population, leading to an increase in the average amount of electricity consumed per person. 

With increasing power demands, the need for efficient storage rises and quest for such devices intensifies. Batteries have played and will be playing a crucial in serving the energy storage needs. Supercapacitors and associated components have been drawing a lot of attention right from its invention due to the technology’s exceptionally high capacitance with an almost unlimited charge/discharge cycle life. Supercapacitors promise an operational voltage between 1 and 3 V for both organic and aqueous electrolytes, with the potential for improbable energy storage and rapid charging.

Supercapacitors in markets have the ability to charge instantly. Image Credit: AVX

Supercapacitors store energy using electrodes and electrolytes and both charge and deliver energy promptly – traditional batteries deliver the same task in a much slower fashion. Super capacitors have the ability to charge and discharge rapidly over very large numbers of cycles.

However, because existing super capacitors have inadequate energy density per kilogram (currently around one twentieth of existing battery technology), they have been unable to grapple with traditional battery energy storage. Even with this limitation, supercapacitors buses are already being utilized in China.

Scientists and researchers around the world are a a quest to end the the limitations of supercapacitors and hence forsee them as future of energy storage devices.

Graphene based Supercapacitors

A team of researchers at the Technical University Munich (TUM) has developed a highly efficient super capacitor.
This energy storage device is based on a novel, powerful and sustainable hybrid material composed of graphene and its performance is comparable with the currently employed batteries.

Image featuring a supercapacitors's breakdown and highlighting graphene.
Supercapacitors composed of graphene based hybrid material. Credit: TechXplore

Sustainable material delivers high performance

Graphene hybrid material for supercapacitors serves as the positive electrode in the energy storage device. The researchers are combining it with a proven negative electrode based on titan and carbon.

The latest energy storage device achieves an energy density of up to 73 Wh/kg, which is comparable to the energy density of nickel-metal hydride battery and also performs better than most other supercapacitors at a power density of 16 kW/kg. 

The secret of the new supercapacitor is the combination of novel materials—hence, chemists refer to the supercapacitor as ‘asymmetrical.’

Nature Inspired Hybrid Materials

To overcome the limitations of standard materials, scientists have plan to come up with nature inspired hybrid materials. Roland Fischer from German University says: Nature is full of highly complex, evolutionarily optimized hybrid materials—bones and teeth are examples. Their mechanical properties, such as hardness and elasticity were optimized through the combination of various materials by nature.

Prolonged Stability makes them fit for various applications

However, that is not the only benefit of the new material. To obtain a chemically stable hybrid, we need strong chemical bonds between the ingredients. The bonds are apparently the same as those between amino acids in proteins.

The stable connection between the nano-structured components has tremendous improvements in terms of long term assurance: The more stable the bonds, the more charging and discharging cycles are plausible without significant execution impairment.

For comparison: A classic lithium accumulator has a valuable life of around 5,000 cycles. The novel cell developed by the TUM researchers holds close to 90 percent capacity even after 10,000 cycles.

Supercapacitors are already being used in laptops and similar electronic devices that demand instant charging and gradual discharging. Supercapacitors can also be seen near railway lines as these require large amount of energy to accelerate from rest and/or lower the speed in very less time.

Supercapacitors happen to be best source of power for modern day electronics like e-skin, e-cloths and other flexible electronics.

Humans have been in a continuous quest of energy storage devices that best suit the modern day applications. In near future all the discoveries and events associated with energy storage devices might be seen as The Age of Energy Revolution.

Supercapacitors and similar inventions can bring a energy revolution.
In the history, Ongoing decades would be marked as THE AGE OF ENERGY REVOLUTION. image credits: IEEE

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Umakant Bohara
Umakant Bohara
Pursuing M.S. with Chemistry as a major Learning how to learn

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